Makina osankha mitundu, omwe amadziwika kuti color sorter, ndi chipangizo chodzipangira okha chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kugawira zinthu kapena zida kutengera mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Cholinga chachikulu cha makinawa ndikuwonetsetsa kuwongolera bwino, kusasinthika, komanso kulondola panjira zamafakitale, monga kusanja mbewu, mbewu, zipatso, masamba, nyemba za khofi, mapulasitiki, ndi mchere.

Zomwe zimafunikira pamakina osankha mitundu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi njira yodyetsera, gwero lounikira, masensa kapena makamera, pulogalamu yosinthira zithunzi, ndi makina osankhidwa. Njirayi imayamba ndi njira yodyetsera, yomwe imagawira mofanana zinthu kapena zipangizo zomwe ziyenera kusanjidwa, kuonetsetsa kuti zikuyenda mosalekeza komanso ngakhale kuyenda. Pamene zinthuzo zikudutsa mu makinawo, zimayenda pansi pa gwero lamphamvu lounikira, lomwe ndi lofunika kuti ziwonekere bwino za mtundu wawo ndi maonekedwe awo.

Makamera othamanga kwambiri kapena optical sensors, ophatikizidwa mu makina, amajambula zithunzi za zinthuzo pamene akudutsa malo owala. Makamera ndi masensa awa amakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe a kuwala. Zithunzi zojambulidwazo zimakonzedwa ndi pulogalamu yapamwamba yokonza zithunzi. Pulogalamuyi idapangidwa kuti iwunike mitundu ndi mawonekedwe ena a zinthuzo, kupanga zosankha mwachangu potengera zomwe zidadziwika kale.

Makina osankhira, omwe ali ndi udindo wolekanitsa zinthuzo m'magulu osiyanasiyana, amadziwitsidwa za chisankho cha makina. Makinawa amatha kukhazikitsidwa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, pomwe ma ejector a mpweya ndi ma chute amakina amakhala zosankha wamba. Zotulutsa mpweya zimatulutsa kuphulika kwa mpweya kuti zipatutse zinthu m'gulu loyenera, pomwe ma chute amakina amagwiritsa ntchito zotchinga zakuthupi kuwongolera zinthu moyenera. Kutengera kapangidwe ndi cholinga cha makinawo, imatha kusanja zinthu m'magulu angapo kapena kungozigawa kukhala mitsinje "yovomerezeka" ndi "yokanidwa".

Chimodzi mwazabwino zazikulu zamakina osankha mitundu ndikusintha kwawo kwakukulu. Makinawa amatha kusinthidwa kuti azisankha zinthu motengera mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kupitilira mtundu. Kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotere zomwe zitha kuyambitsidwa, kulola kusanja koyenera kotengera mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, makinawa amatha kuphunzitsidwa kuzindikira zolakwika kapena zolakwika muzinthu, kupereka kuwongolera kwapamwamba. Athanso kusankha malinga ndi kukula kwake komanso mtundu wonse wazinthu.

Kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo wa AI (Artificial Intelligence) m'makina osankha mitundu kwasintha njira yosankhira. AI imathandizira makinawa kupitilira kusanja kutengera mitundu ndikuwonetsa luso lapamwamba la kuzindikira ndi kuphunzira. Ma algorithms a AI amalola makinawo kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, kuzindikira zolakwika zosawoneka bwino, ndikupanga zisankho zotsogola kwambiri. Amasinthasintha mosalekeza ndikuphunzira kuchokera pakusanja, kuwongolera kulondola pakapita nthawi. Zotsatira zake ndi kuchuluka kwa makina ochita kupanga komanso kulondola komwe kumathandizira kwambiri, kumachepetsa kudalira ntchito zamanja, komanso kuwongolera zonse zomwe zasankhidwa. Kuphatikizika kwamakina osankha mitundu ndi ukadaulo wa AI kumayimira nyengo yatsopano yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yolondola pamasankhidwe amakampani, kuperekera ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.